Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Every year in the United States about 70,000 cases of E. Coli O157:H7 infections are reported. About 60 deaths will also be reported. A fairly serious bacterial infection, this illness can lead to kidney failure in approximately 2-7 % of cases. In Orange County we usually see 1-2 cases of E. Coli O157:H7 infections yearly. This year, as noted in the news, will be different.

The E. Coli O157:H7 infection was first documented in 1982 when an outbreak occurred from eating undercooked ground beef. Unpasteurized milk and juices, swimming in water contaminated with fecal waste can also cause this infection. Common symptoms are bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps but infection may occur without these symptoms. Only a lab test can determine the presence of this infection.

Most important to consumers should be how to protect themselves against getting infected at all. Remember the following:

• Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Since bacteria may still be present when the meat has been cooked to “brown”, a meat thermometer is your best bet.
• Separate raw meat from uncooked foods, like breads and salads.
• Carefully wash hands after using the bathroom. Help young children to do the same. If you care for children with diarrhea, this is especially important.
• Drink only milk, juices and ciders that have been pasteurized. Boxed-juices and juice concentrates, which may not state the word “pasteurized” are usually safe to drink.
• Wash fruits and vegetables very well before eating.
• Do not swim in water that is questionable.
• Specific to animal parks:

Because the bacteria that causes E. Coli O157:H7 infections can be found on farms and farm animals, thorough hand washing after contact with animals is critical.

When visiting animal parks or petting zoos with young children, food, pacifiers, carrying toys, spill-proof cups, and baby bottles SHOULD NOT be brought into the animal areas. For adults who smoke, this should also be avoided in the animal areas.

Because the bacteria can be found on surfaces and clothes, a fresh change of clothes for children is advisable after visiting an animal park.

Parents must remember that young children love to touch and by habit put their fingers in their mouths. This is how they can become infected. Always provide strong supervision when visiting the animal parks or zoos.